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去年参加技能提升训练人数 失业人士增多在职人员减少

何惜薇 报道 from Lianhe Zaobao

去年经济不景气时,更多失业人士在技能提升与应变计划(SPUR)下受训,但接受培训的就职人员却下降,也只有一小部分的人在受训后工资有所调高。对此,学者与工运代表强调,培训的成效是长远的,重点是它提高了生产力。

  人力部 (Manpower Ministry) 日前发布了《新加坡劳动力2009》报告,指出截至去年6月,当人力市场发展仍疲弱时,28%介于15岁至64岁的本地就职人员(包括永久居民)在过去一年里接受了与工作相关的培训或教育,比前一年同期的32%少。

  报告说,上一次经济衰退时,相关的受训比率同样下降,从2002年的34%下降到2003年的29%,再减少到2004年的25%。

  报告强调,2009年时本地有更少的在就职人员受训,受训的失业人士则因为SPUR而有所提高。

更多年纪较轻者受训

  值得一提的是,有更多年纪较轻的人受训,平均受训天数也比较长。去年,20岁至29岁的受访者当中,有37%受训,每人平均受训十天。接受培训的50岁至64岁者则占19%,每人平均受训2.1天。

  与此同时,虽然有更多月入不足1000元者受训,从前年的10.6%增加到16%,但还是远远不如收入较高者。在2008和2009年间,约有37.7%月入至少7000元,以及约有38.2%月入5000至6999元的就业者曾接受培训。

  该调查结果凸显了经济战略委员会建议通过提升技能让低收入者从事更高增值工作的意义。人力部长颜金勇也一再强调,要鼓励低薪工人受训就得考虑到他们所面对的诸多限制,包括他们的语文和数学基础较弱。

人力部于今年5月25日至7月31日之间进行上述劳动力调查,共有2万8487户家庭受访。该调查也涵盖受访者对培训结果的看法,57%的人认为培训有助他们提供更好的服务和提高生产力,34%认为受雇能力提高了。不过,只有6.1%表示受训后工资调高了,因此升级者只占4.6%。

  如果根据受访者的反馈,那要低薪者受训以提高收入的说法似乎不能成立。对此,新加坡国立大学经济学者山得锐(Shandre M Thangavelu)和全国职工总会副秘书长哈莉玛都强调,培训的成效是长远的,更重要的是它提高了生产力,雇员的受雇能力也提高了。

  两人也强调,必须注意该调查是在经济衰退时进行的,参与SPUR等培训者当时更多是要保住工作,而不是升级或加薪。

  调查报告也发现,有更多适龄但不工作也没积极求职的“经济不活跃”者(economically inactive),当中有1万1100人是所谓的“沮丧工人”(discouraged workers),也就是因为相信没有合适的工作、会因年龄较大受歧视或没有适当工作条件与经验,而不找工作的人。

  经济不活跃者的人数上升到104万9100人,比前年同期的101万零500人高出许多。十名经济不活跃者当中有8人的教育水平在中学和以下,近三分二满是60岁或介于15至24岁。

  经济不活跃者当中也有人打算在两年内求职,该人数从2008年的14万9300增加到去年的16万2400人,同样以中学程度以下及15岁至24岁的人为多。这些可能加入工作队伍的人当中,55%或8万9400人表示要从事全职工作,其余打算以部分时间性质工作。

  经济开始复苏,山得锐相信“沮丧工人”将减少,并强调许多人是因为不同理由不找工作,更重要的是了解他们在这期间是否有好好利用时间受训。

Source: Lianhe Zaobao

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